Hydro-Politics and Regional Security in South Asia: The Indus Waters Treaty as a Mechanism of Conflict Management in India–Pakistan Relations

Water is currently a significant component of international politics as it is mainly found in regions with transboundary rivers and geopolitical conflicts. The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) between India and Pakistan signed in 1960 is one of the most long-lasting examples of water co-operation despite the fact that the countries are still engaged in political and military tensions. This paper will focus on how the Indus Water Treaty serves as an example of conflict management and discuss its significance for regional security in South Asia. Drawing on theories of hydro-politics, water security, and conflict management, the study employs a qualitative research approach that draws on treaty documents, academic literature, and other secondary sources. This paper asserts that while the Indus Waters Treaty has been unable to resolve political tensions between the two countries, it has succeeded in creating a solid platform for communication, conflict resolution, and the management of water tensions. It now faces new issues, such as climate change, rising water demand, hydropower production, and deteriorating relations between the two nations, which strain the treaty regime. In conclusion, maintaining effective water diplomacy will be crucial to preserving regional stability and avoiding the securitisation of water issues.